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61.
62.
Ji-Lei Hu Xiao-Wei Tang 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2015,9(3):200-217
The Bayesian network (BN) is a type of graphical network based on probabilistic inference that has been gradually applied to assessment of seismic liquefaction potential. However, how to construct a robust BN remains underexplored in this field. This paper aims to present an efficient hybrid approach combining domain knowledge and data to construct a BN that facilitates the integration of multiple factors and the quantification of uncertainties within a network model to assess seismic liquefaction. Initially, only using given domain knowledge, a naive network model can be constructed using interpretive structural modeling. Thereafter, some effective information about the naive model is provided to construct a robust model using structural learning of BN from historic data. Finally, the returning predictive results and the predictive results are compared to other methods including non-probabilistic and probabilistic models for seismic liquefaction using the metrics of the overall accuracy, the area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic, prediction, recall and F1 score. The methodology proposed in this paper achieved better performance, and we discussed the power and value of the proposed approach at the end of this paper, which suggest that BN is a good alternative tool for seismic liquefaction prediction. 相似文献
63.
The Hala’alat Mountains are located at the transition between the West Junggar and the Junggar Basin.In this area,rocks are Carboniferous,with younger strata above them that have been identified through well data and high-resolution 3D seismic profiles.Among these strata,seven unconformities are observed and distributed at the bases of:the Permian Jiamuhe Formation,the Permian Fengcheng Formation,the Triassic Baikouquan Formation,the Jurassic Badaowan Formation,the Jurassic Xishanyao Formation,the Cretaceous Tugulu Group and the Paleogene.On the basis of balanced sections,these unconformities are determined to have been formed by erosion of uplifts or rotated fault blocks primarily during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.In conjunction with the currently understood tectonic background of the surrounding areas,the following conclusions are proposed:the unconformities at the bases of the Permian Jiamuhe and Fengcheng formations are most likely related to the subduction and closure of the Junggar Ocean during the late Carboniferous-early Permian;the unconformities at the bases of the Triassic Baikouquan and Jurassic Badaowan formations are closely related to the late Permian-Triassic Durbut sinistral slip fault;the unconformities at the bases of the middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation and Cretaceous Tugulu Group may be related to reactivation of the Durbut dextral slip fault in the late Jurassic-early Cretaceous,and the unconformity that gives rise to the widely observed absence of the upper Cretaceous in the northern Junggar Basin may be closely related to large scale uplift.All of these geological phenomena indicate that the West Junggar was not calm in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic and that it experienced at least four periods of tectonic movement. 相似文献
64.
深圳地区中生代火山地层分布区是我国东南沿海浙闽粤港火山活动带的一个重要组成部分,是我国沿海地区侏罗纪—白垩纪火山地层较有代表性地段,也是研究我国东南沿海侏罗纪—白垩纪火山活动的天然博物馆。近期通过野外观察,测制火山地层剖面,进行锆石同位素激光定年测试,对大鹏半岛国家地质公园中生代火山地层的时代提出新的认识,将原划分为上侏罗统高基坪群划分为早—中侏罗世塘厦组(181.8 Ma?)、中侏罗世吉岭湾组(165.8 Ma)、晚侏罗世梧桐山组(156.9~145.6 Ma)、晚侏罗世—早白垩世七娘山组(146.3~131.0 Ma)、早白垩世官草湖群等。 相似文献
65.
S. Y. Wang S. W. Sloan M. L. Huang C. A. Tang 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2011,44(2):179-198
Using a numerical modelling code, rock failure process analysis, 2D, the progressive failure process and associated acoustic
emission behaviour of serial and parallel rock samples were simulated. Both serial- and parallel sample models are presented
for investigating the mechanism of rock pillar failure. As expected, the numerical results show that not only the stiffness,
but also the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock plays an important role in pillar instability. For serial pillars,
the elastic rebound of a rock pillar with higher uniaxial compressive strength can lead to the sudden failure of an adjacent
rock pillar with lower uniaxial compressive strength. The failure zone forms and develops in the pillar with lower uniaxial
compressive strength; however, the failure zone does not pass across the interface of the two pillars. In comparison, when
two pillars have the same uniaxial compressive strengths but different elastic moduli, both serial pillars fail, and the failure
zone in the two pillars can interact, passing across the interface and entering the other pillar. For parallel pillars, damage
always develops in the pillar having the lower uniaxial compressive strength or lower elastic modulus. Furthermore, in accordance
with the Kaiser effect, the stress-induced damage in a rock pillar is irreversible, and only when the previous stress state
in the failed rock pillar is exceeded or the subsequent applied energy is larger than the energy released by the external
loading will further damage continue to occur. In addition, the homogeneity index of rock also can affect the failure modes
of parallel pillars, even though the uniaxial compressive strength and stiffness of each pillar are the same. 相似文献
66.
67.
塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部阳霞煤矿一带出露绿泥绢云母石英片岩,原被划分为古元古界地层,该片岩中的碎屑锆石呈自形形态,锆石的环带丰富,具有典型的岩浆锆石特点。对锆石进行的ICP MS U Pb同位素地质年代学研究表明,锆石的年龄介于1179~794 Ma之间,峰期年龄集中于810~794 Ma,说明该片岩之原岩的沉积上限年龄不早于794 Ma。结合区域资料分析认为,该基底地层应该属于新元古界,形成时代相对较新,因此导致库车坳陷具有较高的地温梯度和较强的构造活动性。此外,在810~794 Ma时塔里木地块东北部发生过岩浆事件,该事件应该与塔里木地块的裂解有关。 相似文献
68.
69.
Yan-Jie Tang Hong-Fu Zhang Eizo Nakamura Ji-Feng Ying 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,161(6):845-861
Elemental and Li–Sr–Nd isotopic data of minerals in spinel peridotites hosted by Cenozoic basalts allow us to refine the existing
models for Li isotopic fractionation in mantle peridotites and constrain the melt/fluid-peridotite interaction in the lithospheric
mantle beneath the North China Craton. Highly elevated Li concentrations in cpx (up to 24 ppm) relative to coexisting opx
and olivine (<4 ppm) indicate that the peridotites experienced metasomatism by mafic silicate melts and/or fluids. The mineral
δ7Li vary greatly, with olivine (+0.7 to +5.4‰) being isotopically heavier than coexisting opx (−4.4 to −25.9‰) and cpx (−3.3
to −21.4‰) in most samples. The δ7Li in pyroxenes are considerably lower than the normal mantle values and show negative correlation with their Li abundances,
likely due to recent Li ingress attended by diffusive fractionation of Li isotopes. Two exceptional samples have olivine δ7Li of −3.0 and −7.9‰, indicating the existence of low δ7Li domains in the mantle, which could be transient and generated by meter-scale diffusion of Li during melt/fluid-peridotite
interaction. The 143Nd/144Nd (0.5123–0.5139) and 87Sr/86Sr (0.7018–0.7062) in the pyroxenes also show a large variation, in which the cpx are apparently lower in 87Sr/86Sr and slightly higher in 143Nd/144Nd than coexisting opx, implying an intermineral Sr–Nd isotopic disequilibrium. This is observed more apparently in peridotites
having low 87Sr/86Sr and high 143Nd/144Nd ratios than in those with high 87Sr/86Sr and low 143Nd/144Nd, suggesting that a relatively recent interaction existed between an ancient metasomatized lithospheric mantle and asthenospheric
melt, which transformed the refractory peridotites with highly radiogenic Sr and unradiogenic Nd isotopic compositions to
the fertile lherzolites with unradiogenic Sr and radiogenic Nd isotopic compositions. Therefore, we argue that the lithospheric
mantle represented by the peridotites has been heterogeneously refertilized by multistage melt/fluid-peridotite interactions. 相似文献
70.
Yuanzhi Tang 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(17):4951-4962
Siderite (FeCO3) is an important reduced phase iron mineral and end product of bacteria anaerobic respiration. This study addresses its dissolution behavior in the presence of the oxidant chromate, which is a common environmental contaminant. Macroscopic dissolution experiments combined with microscopic observations by atomic force microscopy show that at pH < 4.5 the dissolution rate with chromate is slower than that in control solution without chromate. Isolated deep dissolution pits and clustered shallow pits occur simultaneously with surface precipitation. The implication is that the surface precipitate inhibits further dissolution. For 5 < pH < 9.5, the slowest dissolution and the fastest precipitation rates are observed, both at edge steps and on terraces. For pH > 10, the dissolution rate in the presence of chromate exceeds that of the control, plausibly due to electron transfer facilitated by [Fe3+(OH)4]-. Dissolution and re-precipitation of round hillocks are observed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the presence of Cr(III) as well as reaction products in a hydroxide form. Based on the redox reaction mechanism, macroscopic dissolution behavior, and previous studies on the reaction products of Fe(II) with Cr(VI), we propose the formation of a low solubility nano-sized Cr(III)-Fe(III)-hydroxide as the surface precipitate. Results from this study provide a basis for understanding and quantifying the interactions between reduced-iron minerals and aqueous-phase oxidants. 相似文献